Mechanical response of composite materials prepared with polyurethane elastomers and polyvinyl chloride films.

This study describes a new method for the preparation of composite materials using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films and polyurethane (PU) foam elastomers. This new preparation method was applied to composite materials used for sound and thermal insulation in the automotive and aerospace industries, and it was found to be effective in reducing debonding and fracture defects. This feature was achieved via the formation of through-holes in the surface material and the substrate prior to lamination, which led to the increase in the flow of air and adhesive and allowed for better compatibility between the material layers. The composite material shows a tensile strength of up to 37.6 Kg⋅cm-2 and can achieve a tensile fracture strength of up to 281.3 N, if woven or biomaterials are used. This can be useful in solving challenges in the aerospace and automotive industries and may also act as a potential coating material for other applications in the future.

Necroptosis as a potential therapeutic target in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

PURPOSE: To investigate how necroptosisis, i.e. programmed necrosis, is involved in MODS, and to examine whether Nec-1, a specific necroptosis inhibitor, ameliorates multiorgan injury in MODS. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A model of MODS was established in six-week old SD rats using fracture trauma followed by hemorrhage. Control animals received sham surgery. Cell death form and necrosome formation were measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and western blotting. MODS rats were randomly assigned to receive Nec-1 or saline with pretreatment and once daily. The first end-point was 72 hours survival. Organ injury and dysfunction, inflammatory cytokine levels, and necroptotic execution protein expression were also recorded. RESULTS: Organ injury and dysfunction were significantly more severe in the MODS group than the sham group (all p<0.01). Furthermore, MODS-induced liver, lung and kidney tissue injury was characterized by necroptosis rather than apoptosis, and accompanied by necrosome formation. Compared to MODS group, Nec-1 administration significantly improved 72 hours survival (p<0.01). Nec-1 administration significantly reduced necroptosis-induced liver, lung and kidney injury and dysfunction, inhibited inflammatory cytokines production, inhibited release of necroptotic execution proteins such as high-mobility group box 1 and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein pseudokinase in MODS rats (all p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that necroptosis is involved the pathology of MODS. Further, a necroptotic inhibitor Nec-1 may be considered as an adjunct treatment for MODS.

[Temperature Effects on Erbium Doped Optical Fibers Properties].

In scientific research and engineering application, improving the power of fiber device is an important topic, which leads to observably rise of temperature in fiber core at the same time. In this paper, Thermal effect and its influence on absorption spectrum and lifetime of Erbium-doped fiber are studied with numerical modeling. Lorentz broadening of sub-levels is used to build the mathematical relationship between temperature and absorption spectrum. The McCumber Theory is applied to deduce the lifetime of Erbium-doped fiber in different temperature. Temperature experiments of absorption and emission spectrum from 25 to 900 ℃ are carried out, which show that the wavelength of absorption peak near 980nm increase at rate of 0.625 nm/100 ℃, the ratio of absorption peak near 1 530 nm declines at a rate of 0.001 9 dB·(m℃)-1 and the broadband of absorption spectrum near 1 530 nm increase with rising temperature. The linear variation of lifetime and peak absorption in experiment proves that the theoretical model is reasonable when the temperature is below 600 ℃.

[Gamma Radiation Effects on Erbium-Doped Optical Fibers Properties].

In order to promote the research on erbium-doped fiber's anti-radiation properties and fully grasp variation laws of erbium-doped fiber's properties under radiation, theoretical analysis on how irradiation effect erbium-doped Fiber based on model of color centers was conducted. The performance changes of erbium-doped fiber that may occur during irradiation were predicted. According to working principle and application characteristics, online real-time monitoring of 980 nm wave band loss spectra, 1 550 nm wave band loss spectra, luminescence spectra of two different types(EDF-L-980 and MP980) of erbium-doped fiber as well as recovery measuring after radiation were carried out,. Studies showed that spectral characteristics of both types have similar variation trends during radiation. Losses at 980 and 1 530 nm wave band increase monotonically with dose, and the relationship is approximately linear at absorption peak of 980 and 1 530 nm; luminescence spectra intensity decreases monotonically with dose, and energy of luminescence spectra is shifting to long wavelengths, while its mean wavelength and bandwidth increasing substantially. The relationship between luminescence intensity and dose is also approximately linear at luminescence peak of 1 530 nm. Erbium-doped fiber's spectral characteristics recovered modestly after radiation, but to a limited extent of less than 40% for all parameters. The experiment result is in good agreement with theoretical analysis and prediction, so rationality of theoretical explanation of erbium-doped fiber's performance changes during radiation has been proven.

Effect of Modified Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery on GLP-1, GIP in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most serious diseases that threaten public health. Modified gastric bypass surgery has been applied to the treatment of T2DM patients in the 1990s, but the therapeutic mechanism to this function is still unclear. The aim of this study was to further clarify the effect and the mechanism of modified gastric bypass surgery on glucose metabolism in patients with T2DM. In the study, the incretin indexes and blood glucose indexes were analyzed before surgery and 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. The results suggested that modified Roux-en-Y gastric bypass can promote GLP-1 secretion in patients with T2DM, while reducing the secretion of GIP. Thus it could effectively control blood glucose of patients with T2DM.

An efficient preparation of mulberroside a from the branch bark of mulberry and its effect on the inhibition of tyrosinase activity.

A bioactive ingredient in an ethanol extract from the branch bark of cultivated mulberry Husang-32 (Morus multicaulis Perr.) was isolated using a macroporous resin column. The primary component, which was purified by semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), was identified as mulberroside A (MA) by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. In total, 4.12 g MA was efficiently extracted from one kilogram of mulberry bark. The enzymatic analysis showed that MA inhibited the generation of dopachrome by affecting the activities of monophenolase and diphenolase of tyrosinase in vitro. This analysis indicated that MA and oxyresveratrol (OR), which is the the aglycone of mulberroside A, exhibited strong inhibition of the monophenolase activity with IC50 values of 1.29 µmol/L and 0.12 µmol/L, respectively. However, the former showed weaker inhibitory activity than the latter for diphenolase. For the monophenolase activity, the inhibitory activity of MA and OR was reversible and showed mixed type 1 inhibition. Additionally, the inhibition constant KI (the inhibition constant of the effectors on tyrosinase) values were 0.385 µmol/L and 0.926 µmol/L, respectively, and the KIS (the inhibition constants of the enzyme-substrate complex) values were 0.177 µmol/L and 0.662 µmol/L, respectively. However, MA showed competitive inhibition of diphenolase activity, and KI was 4.36 µmol/L. In contrast, OR showed noncompetitive inhibition and KI = KIS = 2.95 µmol/L. Taken together, these results provide important information concerning the inhibitory mechanism of MA on melanin synthesis, which is widely used in whitening cosmetics.

Toward statistical modeling of saccadic eye-movement and visual saliency.

In this paper, we present a unified statistical framework for modeling both saccadic eye movements and visual saliency. By analyzing the statistical properties of human eye fixations on natural images, we found that human attention is sparsely distributed and usually deployed to locations with abundant structural information. This observations inspired us to model saccadic behavior and visual saliency based on super-Gaussian component (SGC) analysis. Our model sequentially obtains SGC using projection pursuit, and generates eye movements by selecting the location with maximum SGC response. Besides human saccadic behavior simulation, we also demonstrated our superior effectiveness and robustness over state-of-the-arts by carrying out dense experiments on synthetic patterns and human eye fixation benchmarks. Multiple key issues in saliency modeling research, such as individual differences, the effects of scale and blur, are explored in this paper. Based on extensive qualitative and quantitative experimental results, we show promising potentials of statistical approaches for human behavior research.

Marine phytoplankton motility sensor integrated into a microfluidic chip for high-throughput pollutant toxicity assessment.

A microfluidic chip was designed to assess the toxicity of pollutants in a high-throughput way by using marine phytoplankton motility as a sensor signal. In this chip, multiple gradient generators (CGGs) with diffusible chambers enable large scale of dose-response bioassays to be performed in a simple way. Two mobile marine phytoplankton cells were confined on-chip and stimulated by 8 concentrations (generated by CGG) of Hg, Pb, Cu and phenol singly, as well as Cu and phenol jointly. CASA system was used to characterize motility by motile percentage (%MOT), curvilinear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP) and straight line velocity (VSL). In all cases, dose-dependent inhibitions of motility were observed. In the present system, only 2h was needed to predict EC50. Thus, the developed microfluidic chip device was proved to be useful as a rapid/simple and high-throughput test method in marine pollution toxicity assessment.

Comparison of different gastric bypass procedures in gastric carcinoma patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AIM: To determine the effect of different Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedures in gastric carcinoma patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 54 patients with gastric cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in the Department of General Surgery from January 2006 to June 2013 was conducted. The patients underwent gastrectomy using different Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedures (traditional, n = 26; modified, n = 28). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), two hour postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were analyzed before surgery (0 mo) and 1, 3 and 6 mo after surgery. RESULTS: FPG and 2 h PBG levels were significantly decreased 1 mo after surgery in the traditional Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group (FPG 7.5 ± 1.3 vs 10.7 ± 1.2, P < 0.05) (2 h PBG 10.2 ± 1.8 vs 13.8 ± 3.2, P < 0.05). FPG and 2 h PBG levels were significantly decreased after surgery in the modified Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group (FPG 6.9 ± 1.2 vs 10.5 ± 1.1, 6.5 ± 1.3 vs 10.5 ± 1.1, 6.4 ± 1.2 vs 10.5 ± 1.1, P < 0.05) (2 h PBG 9.9 ± 2.2 vs 14.1 ± 2.9, 9.2 ± 2.4 vs 14.1 ± 2.9, 8.9 ± 2.6 vs 14.1 ± 2.9, P < 0.05). Compared with the levels before surgery, HbA1c levels were significantly decreased 3 and 6 mo after surgery (7.2 ± 1.1 vs 10.5 ± 1.1, 5.5 ± 1.1 vs 10.5 ± 1.1, P < 0.05). Significant differences between the two groups regarding FPG, 2 h PBG and HbA1c concentration were observed 3 and 6 mo after surgery (FPG 10.1 ± 1.5 vs 6.5 ± 1.3, 10.3 ± 1.4 vs 6.4 ± 1.2, P < 0.05) (2 h PBG 13.1 ± 2.8 vs 9.2 ± 2.4, 13.6 ± 3.1 vs 8.9 ± 2.6, P < 0.05) (HbA1c 10.1 ± 1.4 vs 7.2 ± 1.1, 10.5 ± 1.3 vs 5.5 ± 1.1, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Modified Roux-en-Y gastric bypass can improve glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients with gastric cancer.

Epirubicin inhibits soluble CD25 secretion by Treg cells isolated from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of epirubicin on soluble CD25 (sCD25) secretion by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells isolated from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. METHODS: Treg cells were isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from the newly diagnosed DBLCL patients. The concentration of sCD25 in the supernatant was determined with a commercial sCD25 (IL-2R) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The fluorescence intensity of CD25 was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Cell survival rate was significantly decreased along with the increase of epirubicin concentration after treatment for 24 h. There was also a significant difference in the concentration of sCD25 between the epirubicin group and the control group (P<0.01). A positive correlation between the Treg cells survival rate and the concentration of sCD25 was detected (r=0.993, P<0.01). When equal numbers of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells of the epirubicin group and the control group were cultured for another 24 h without epirubicin the CD25 fluorescence intensity on the surface of Treg cells was obviously higher in the epirubicin group than that in the control group (P<0.01), while the sCD25 concentration in the supernatant in the epirubicin group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Epirubicin may improve the body's immune functions by inhibiting the sCD25 secretion by Treg cells in DLBCL patients.

[Guiding values of facial nerve 3D-TOF-MRA and 3D-FIESTA scan for primary hemifacial spasm operation].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the operative guiding values of facial nerve three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF-MRA) and three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady state acquisition three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady state acquisition (3D-FIESTA) scan. METHODS: A total of 125 cases of primary hemifacial spasm was treated at our hospital from 2004 to 2012. Among them, 80 cases received preoperative facial nerve MRA scan. The imaging and intraoperative findings were compared to determine the responsible blood vessels. RESULTS: Responsible blood vessels were found in all 80 cases. Sixty patients (75%) had the involvement of single vessel of anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA, n = 57), posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA, n = 1), superior cerebellar artery (SCA, n = 1) and vertebral artery (VA, n = 1). Two or more vessels were implicated in 9 patients (11.25%). The culprits were AICA+ internal auditory artery (n = 8) and PICA+ internal auditory artery (n = 1). The source of responsible vessels of 11 cases could not be determined before surgery. Through intraoperative anatomy, 59 patients had single vessel lesions, including AICA (n = 53), PICA (n = 4), SCA (n = 1) and VA (n = 1). Among 14 cases of multiple vessels, there were AICA + internal auditory artery (n = 7), internal auditory artery + PICA (n = 2), AICA + brain stem perforating artery (n = 3) and AICA + vein (n = 2). Seven cases were uncertain. No significant statistical difference existed between two groups. CONCLUSION: Facial nerve 3D-TOF-MRA and 3D-FIESTA scan can identify the status of responsible blood vessels to guide operations.

[Efficacy and survival status of retuximab-NCE regimen treatment in patients with relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and toxicity of RNCE regimen in the treatment of relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2005, 46 patients with relapsed or refractory B cell NHL were treated by RNCE regimen with or without radiotherapy for the involved field. The clinical characteristics, response, toxicity and long-term survival results were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 46 patients were eligible. The complete response rate of second-line therapy was 52.17% (24/46), and the overall response rate was 82.61% (38/46). The median follow-up duration in this series was 69 months (range:6 to 102 months). The overall 1, 3, 5-year survival rate was 74.8%, 48.3%, 40.1%, respectively, with a median survival time of 30.2 months (5 to 65 months), and median progression free survival time of 10.9 months (2 to 31 months). The major toxicities were myelosuppression, GI toxicity, fatigue, fever and alopecia. CONCLUSION: Our data show that RNCE regimen treatment is effective and well tolerated in patients with relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

[Antecolic versus retrocolic gastroenteric anastomosis for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a prospective randomized control trial].

OBJECTIVE: To compare short-term postoperative outcomes between antecolic and retrocolic laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(LRYGB). METHODS: Forty obesity patients were admitted into The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from March 2008 to July 2010. All patients were randomly assigned to undergo antecolic (group A, 20 cases) and retrocolic (group B, 20 cases) gastroenteric anastomosis. Short-term outcomes were compared. RESULTS: LRYGB procedures were successfully performed in all the 40 patients. There were no significant differences between the two groups in estimated blood loss during surgery, time to flatus passage, time to resumption of oral intake, or length of postoperative hospital stay. The operation time was longer in group B than that in group A [(163.4±28.1) min vs.(131.8±22.7) min, P<0.05]. There were no patients developed internal hernia or anastomotic leakage in either group. Comparison of short-term gastrointestinal symptoms after surgery showed no statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Although retrocolic procedure may be closer to anatomical structure, antecolic and retrocolic anastomosis have comparable short-term outcomes after surgery. Further study is warranted to investigate long-term outcomes.

[Nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The clinical data of 37 NSCLC patients who received nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2009 to October 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Of the thirty-seven patients, 12 patients were in stage III B, 25 patients in stage IV. Twenty-four patients recived platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with nimotuzumab, 13 patients recived nonplatinum-based chemotherapy in combination with nimotuzumab. Ten patients received nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy as first-line regimen, 23 patients as second-line regimen, 4 patients as third-line regimen. RESULTS: Of the 37 advanced NSCLC patients who received nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy, the total number of chemotherapy were 137 cycles, the mean number was 3.7 cycles. One patient had complete remission (CR), 9 patients had partial remission (PR), 16 cases had stable disease (SD), and 11 patients had progressive disease (PD). The response rate (RR) was 27% and clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 70.3%. The main side effects were bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal reactions. Grade I acneiform rash was found in one patient. CONCLUSION: The regimen of nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy can improve the response rate and was well tolerated in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Capecitabine combined with weekly docetaxel in Chinese patients > 65 years with anthracycline-resistant metastatic breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: There are no data on more tolerable capecitabine doses in elderly patients in Chinese population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and safety of capecitabine combined with weekly docetaxel for the treatment of anthracycline-resistant metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in older Chinese patients. METHODS: MBC patients aged > 65 years pretreated with 1 - 5 prior chemotherapy regimens, including an anthracycline, received oral capecitabine 825 mg/m(2) twice daily, days 1 - 14, plus docetaxel 30 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 every 21 days. All 41 enrolled patients received at least 1 dose of treatment and were evaluable for safety; 38 received at least 2 cycles (median 4, range 2 - 8) and were evaluable for efficacy. RESULTS: The overall objective response rate was 47%, including complete responses in 8% of patients. Median time to progression was 8.9 months. Median overall survival was 17.6 months. The most common side effects were haematological and gastrointestinal toxicities and hand-foot syndrome. The only grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (12%), alopecia (7%), grade 3 nausea and vomiting (2%) and grade 3 nail toxicity (2%). CONCLUSIONS: Capecitabine 825 mg/m(2) twice daily plus weekly docetaxel is active with an acceptable safety profile in Chinese women > 65 years with anthracycline-resistant MBC. Efficacy and tolerability compare favourably with previously reported trials evaluating higher capecitabine doses in combination with 3-weekly or weekly docetaxel.

Hydrothermal synthesis of layered sodium manganese oxide nanowires and their electrochemical performance.

A new method for preparing black birnessite nanowires is introduced. Layer-structured manganese oxide nanowires were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method, and using both NaMnO4 and CH3CH2OH as the precursors in a concentrated NaOH solution. The structure, composition, appearance and electrochemical performance of the product were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy diffraction (ED), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and constant current charge/discharge. The XRD patterns showed a single phase corresponding to a crystalline birnessite-based manganese oxide. TEM studies suggested their wire-like structures. The TGA measurement demonstrated that they possessed an excellent thermal stability up to 400 degrees C. In the potential window of 2.0-4.3 V, the product exhibited excellent cyclic stability and rapid charge-discharge performance.

[High-dose chemotherapy/autologous stem cell transplantation for nasopharyngeal T cell lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of high-dose chemotherapy (HCT)/autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for nasopharyngeal T cell lymphomas. METHODS: A retrospective review of 51 patients who underwent HCT/ASCT between January 1995 and January 2007. RESULTS: Of the 51 patients who underwent ASCT, no treatment-related death was seen; sixteen patients relapsed after transplant, two patients are still alive through salvage chemotherapy 91 months and 56 months after relapse, the other fourteen patients died in tumor progression. 1-year, 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 98.0%, 84.0% and 72.0%, respectively. 1-year, 3-year and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 90.2%, 78.4%and 66.7%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that clinical stage, B symptom and IPI were prognostic factors for patients with nasopharyngeal T cell lymphomas, the P value being 0.041, 0.036 and 0.031, respectively. CONCLUSION: High-dose therapy/autologous stem cell transplantation can improve cure rate and prolong survival time significantly in patients with nasopharyngeal T cell lymphomas.

[Treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus by laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) in the treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: Twenty-one cases of obesity and 9 cases of type 2 DM received the LRYGB. Weigh changes, excess body weight lose rate (EWL%) and blood glucose level were measured after surgery and occurrence of complications was observed postoperatively. RESULTS: LRYGB procedures in all the 30 cases were successfully performed with no conversion to open surgery. Average operation time was 168 minutes (110-270 mins), volume of blood loss during the surgery was 24.0 ml (10-75 ml). Twenty-one cases of simple obesity received follow-up from 2 months to 5 years. Body weight and BMI decreased significantly in one month [(85.1+/-10.1) kg vs (97.2+/-15.0) kg, 31.2+/-2.2 vs 35.3+/-3.5, both P<0.01] and to a minimal level in 2 to 3 years [(66.8+/-9.2) kg, 24.3+/-1.1], and then maintained at this level. EWL% was correspondingly higher (all P<0.05). Nine type 2 DM patients were followed up for 3 to 8 months, fasting blood glucose and blood glucose OGTT2 hours decreased significantly [(5.9+/-1.4) mmol/L vs (12.6+/-2.6) mmol/L, (7.8+/-1.4) mmol/L vs (17.8+/-4.1) mmol/L, both P<0.05], of whom 4 patients with obesity decreased in BMI significantly (P<0.05), and 5 patients without obesity had no significant changes in BMI (P>0.05). Five cases (16.7%) had postoperative complications, including 1 case of death due to acute fulminant pancreatitis, 1 case of mesenteric hiatal hernia with obstruction in line for reoperation, and the other 3 cases of healing by conservative therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of obesity and type 2 DM by LRYGB surgery is feasible with significant short term result. Long term outcome needs further observation.

[Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical approach, feasibility and effectiveness of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) surgery for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Seven obese patients with type 2 diabetes and 5 type 2 diabetic patients without obesity received LRYGB surgery. The changes of the body mass, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG), C peptide (C-P) and HbA1c% were observed postoperatively. RESULTS: LRYGB procedures were successfully performed in all the 12 patients with no conversion to open surgery. The resolution rate was 85.7% in the obese group and 80% in the non-obese diabetic group. CONCLUSION: LRYGB surgery is feasible for treatment of type 2 diabetes with good short-term result, but the long-term outcome awaits further observation.